Grid-template-areas 命名区域布局

grid-template-areas 通过可视化的命名区域方式定义网格布局，代码直观易懂。

基本语法

.container {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-areas:
    "header header header"
    "sidebar main main"
    "footer footer footer";
}

使用方法

定义区域

.container {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 200px 1fr 1fr;
  grid-template-rows: auto 1fr auto;
  grid-template-areas:
    "header header header"
    "sidebar main main"
    "footer footer footer";
  min-height: 100vh;
}

.header { grid-area: header; }
.sidebar { grid-area: sidebar; }
.main { grid-area: main; }
.footer { grid-area: footer; }

空白区域

使用 . 表示空白区域。

.container {
  grid-template-areas:
    "header header header"
    "sidebar . main"
    "footer footer footer";
}

常见布局模式

经典三栏布局

.layout {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 200px 1fr 200px;
  grid-template-rows: 60px 1fr 40px;
  grid-template-areas:
    "header header header"
    "left center right"
    "footer footer footer";
  min-height: 100vh;
}

.header { grid-area: header; }
.left { grid-area: left; }
.center { grid-area: center; }
.right { grid-area: right; }
.footer { grid-area: footer; }

圣杯布局

.holy-grail {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 200px 1fr 200px;
  grid-template-rows: auto 1fr auto;
  grid-template-areas:
    "header header header"
    "nav main aside"
    "footer footer footer";
  min-height: 100vh;
}

响应式切换

.container {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-areas:
    "header"
    "main"
    "sidebar"
    "footer";
  grid-template-columns: 1fr;
}

@media (min-width: 768px) {
  .container {
    grid-template-areas:
      "header header"
      "sidebar main"
      "footer footer";
    grid-template-columns: 250px 1fr;
  }
}

@media (min-width: 1024px) {
  .container {
    grid-template-areas:
      "header header header"
      "sidebar main aside"
      "footer footer footer";
    grid-template-columns: 200px 1fr 200px;
  }
}

完整示例

.page {
  display: grid;
  min-height: 100vh;
  grid-template-columns: 250px 1fr;
  grid-template-rows: 60px 1fr 40px;
  grid-template-areas:
    "header header"
    "sidebar main"
    "footer footer";
}

.page-header {
  grid-area: header;
  background: #333;
  color: white;
}

.page-sidebar {
  grid-area: sidebar;
  background: #f5f5f5;
}

.page-main {
  grid-area: main;
  padding: 20px;
}

.page-footer {
  grid-area: footer;
  background: #eee;
}

<div class="page">
  <header class="page-header">Header</header>
  <aside class="page-sidebar">Sidebar</aside>
  <main class="page-main">Main Content</main>
  <footer class="page-footer">Footer</footer>
</div>

要点总结

• grid-template-areas 通过字符串可视化定义布局
• 使用 grid-area 将元素映射到命名区域
• . 表示空白区域
• 配合媒体查询可实现响应式布局切换
• 适合复杂页面布局，可读性强