容器化测试环境

容器化测试环境可快速拉起完整依赖栈，下面介绍配置方法。

测试依赖栈

# docker-compose.test.yml
version: '3.8'

services:
  app:
    build: .
    environment:
      NODE_ENV: test
      DB_HOST: postgres
      REDIS_HOST: redis
    depends_on:
      postgres:
        condition: service_healthy
      redis:
        condition: service_healthy
    command: npm test

  postgres:
    image: postgres:15
    environment:
      POSTGRES_DB: testdb
      POSTGRES_PASSWORD: test_password
    healthcheck:
      test: ["CMD-SHELL", "pg_isready -U postgres"]
      interval: 5s
      timeout: 3s
      retries: 5

  redis:
    image: redis:7-alpine
    healthcheck:
      test: ["CMD", "redis-cli", "ping"]
      interval: 5s
      timeout: 3s
      retries: 5

运行测试

# 启动测试环境
docker compose -f docker-compose.test.yml up -d

# 查看测试输出
docker compose -f docker-compose.test.yml logs -f app

# 运行完成后清理
docker compose -f docker-compose.test.yml down -v

一次性测试

# 运行测试并自动清理
docker compose -f docker-compose.test.yml up --abort-on-container-exit

# 或
docker compose -f docker-compose.test.yml up --exit-code-from app

测试数据库初始化

services:
  postgres:
    image: postgres:15
    volumes:
      - ./init.sql:/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/init.sql
    environment:
      POSTGRES_DB: testdb
      POSTGRES_PASSWORD: test_password

init.sql：

CREATE TABLE users (id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, name VARCHAR(100));
INSERT INTO users (name) VALUES ('Test User');

CI/CD 集成

# GitHub Actions
jobs:
  test:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    services:
      postgres:
        image: postgres:15
        env:
          POSTGRES_PASSWORD: test_password
        options: >-
          --health-cmd pg_isready
          --health-interval 10s
          --health-timeout 5s
          --health-retries 5          

    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
      - run: docker compose -f docker-compose.test.yml up --exit-code-from app

Mock 服务

services:
  mock-api:
    image: mockserver/mockserver
    ports:
      - "1080:1080"
    environment:
      MOCKSERVER_WATCH_INITIALIZATION_JSON: "true"
    volumes:
      - ./mockserver.json:/config/initializerJson.json

要点总结

• Compose 定义测试依赖栈（DB、Redis、MQ 等）
• 健康检查确保依赖就绪后再启动测试
• --exit-code-from 返回测试容器退出码
• 测试完成 down -v 清理数据卷
• CI/CD 集成容器化测试，保证环境一致性