连接器参数调优

连接器参数直接影响网络 I/O 性能，合理配置可显著提升吞吐量和响应速度。

核心参数概览

关键参数分类

连接超时配置

Tomcat 配置

server:
  tomcat:
    connection-timeout: 20000    # 连接超时 20s
    keep-alive-timeout: 60000    # Keep-Alive 60s
    max-keep-alive-requests: 100 # 单连接最大请求数

Undertow 配置

server:
  undertow:
    no-request-timeout: 60000    # 无请求超时
    idle-timeout: 30000         # 空闲超时

代码配置

@Configuration
public class ConnectorTimeoutConfig {
    @Bean
    public WebServerFactoryCustomizer<TomcatServletWebServerFactory> timeoutCustomizer() {
        return factory -> factory.addConnectorCustomizers(connector -> {
            Http11NioProtocol protocol = (Http11NioProtocol) connector.getProtocolHandler();
            protocol.setConnectionTimeout(20000);    // 连接超时
            protocol.setKeepAliveTimeout(60000);     // Keep-Alive 超时
            protocol.setMaxKeepAliveRequests(100);   // 最大请求数
        });
    }
}

连接数限制

Tomcat 连接数配置

server:
  tomcat:
    max-connections: 10000  # 最大连接数
    accept-count: 200       # 等待队列长度

参数关系

max-connections: 最大并发连接数（包括等待和处理）
accept-count: 等待队列长度（超过 max-connections 后排队）
threads.max: 工作线程数（同时处理请求的线程）

Undertow 连接数配置

@Bean
public WebServerFactoryCustomizer<UndertowServletWebServerFactory> connectionCustomizer() {
    return factory -> {
        factory.addBuilderCustomizers(builder -> {
            builder.setServerOption(UndertowOptions.MAX_ENTITY_SIZE, 10485760L);
            builder.setServerOption(UndertowOptions.MAX_PARAMETERS, 1000);
        });
    };
}

Keep-Alive 优化

Keep-Alive 作用

• 复用 TCP 连接，减少握手开销
• 提升短连接场景性能
• 避免频繁创建/销毁连接

推荐配置

server:
  tomcat:
    keep-alive-timeout: 60000      # 60s 超时
    max-keep-alive-requests: 1000  # 单连接最大请求数
    connection-timeout: 20000

关闭 Keep-Alive（特殊场景）

@Configuration
public class DisableKeepAliveConfig {
    @Bean
    public WebServerFactoryCustomizer<TomcatServletWebServerFactory> disableKeepAlive() {
        return factory -> factory.addConnectorCustomizers(connector -> {
            Http11NioProtocol protocol = (Http11NioProtocol) connector.getProtocolHandler();
            protocol.setMaxKeepAliveRequests(1);  // 每个请求后关闭连接
        });
    }
}

请求大小限制

请求体限制

server:
  max-http-request-header-size: 16KB
  tomcat:
    max-http-form-post-size: 10MB
spring:
  servlet:
    multipart:
      max-file-size: 100MB
      max-request-size: 100MB

请求头限制

@Configuration
public class RequestSizeConfig {
    @Bean
    public WebServerFactoryCustomizer<TomcatServletWebServerFactory> headerSizeCustomizer() {
        return factory -> factory.addConnectorCustomizers(connector -> {
            Http11NioProtocol protocol = (Http11NioProtocol) connector.getProtocolHandler();
            protocol.setMaxHttpHeaderSize(16384);  // 16KB
        });
    }
}

压缩配置

启用 GZIP 压缩

server:
  compression:
    enabled: true
    mime-types: application/json,application/xml,text/html,text/xml,text/plain
    min-response-size: 1024  # 大于1KB才压缩

压缩级别（Undertow）

@Bean
public WebServerFactoryCustomizer<UndertowServletWebServerFactory> compressionCustomizer() {
    return factory -> {
        factory.addBuilderCustomizers(builder -> {
            builder.setServerOption(UndertowOptions.ENABLE_COMPRESSION, true);
            builder.setServerOption(UndertowOptions.COMPRESSION_LEVEL, 6); // 1-9
        });
    };
}

常用配置对照表

注意：Keep-Alive 超时不宜过长，避免占用过多连接资源。

要点总结

• connection-timeout 控制连接建立超时
• Keep-Alive 复用连接，减少握手开销
• max-connections 限制并发连接数
• 根据业务场景调整超时参数
• 压缩传输减少网络开销