Spring Boot监控指标体系

Spring Boot Actuator 集成 Micrometer，提供标准化监控指标体系。

核心依赖

XML

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>io.micrometer</groupId>
    <artifactId>micrometer-registry-prometheus</artifactId>
</dependency>

指标类型

类型	用途	场景
Counter	只增计数	请求次数、错误次数
Gauge	可增可减	当前连接数、队列长度
Timer	耗时统计	接口响应时间
DistributionSummary	分布统计	请求体大小分布

配置端点

YAML

management:
  endpoints:
    web:
      exposure:
        include: health,info,metrics,prometheus
  endpoint:
    health:
      show-details: always
  metrics:
    tags:
      application: ${spring.application.name}

自定义指标

Java

@Component
public class CustomMetrics {

    private final Counter requestCounter;
    private final Gauge activeConnections;

    public CustomMetrics(MeterRegistry registry) {
        this.requestCounter = Counter.builder("api.requests")
            .description("API请求总数")
            .tag("type", "http")
            .register(registry);

        registry.gauge("active.connections",
            Collections.emptyList(),
            connectionPool,
            pool -> pool.getActiveCount());
    }

    public void incrementRequest() {
        requestCounter.increment();
    }
}

Timer使用示例

Java

@Service
public class OrderService {

    private final Timer orderTimer;

    public OrderService(MeterRegistry registry) {
        this.orderTimer = Timer.builder("order.process.time")
            .description("订单处理耗时")
            .publishPercentiles(0.5, 0.95, 0.99)
            .register(registry);
    }

    public void processOrder(Order order) {
        orderTimer.record(() -> doProcess(order));
    }
}

常用端点

端点	说明
/actuator/metrics	查看所有指标名称
/actuator/metrics/{name}	查看指定指标详情
/actuator/prometheus	Prometheus格式输出
/actuator/health	健康状态检查

生产环境务必配置端点访问权限，避免敏感信息泄露。

要点总结

Counter用于累加计数，Gauge用于瞬时值
Timer记录耗时，自动计算百分位数
通过MeterRegistry注册自定义指标
配合Prometheus实现完整监控方案

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