Spring MVC ViewResolver视图解析器

ViewResolver 将控制器返回的逻辑视图名解析为具体的 View 对象，完成最终的页面渲染。

接口定义

Java

public interface ViewResolver {
    View resolveViewName(String viewName, Locale locale) throws Exception;
}

内置视图解析器

解析器	功能
InternalResourceViewResolver	JSP 视图解析
FreeMarkerViewResolver	FreeMarker 模板
ThymeleafViewResolver	Thymeleaf 模板
ContentNegotiatingViewResolver	根据内容类型选择
BeanNameViewResolver	根据 Bean 名称解析

配置 JSP 视图解析器

Java

@Configuration
public class WebConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {

    @Bean
    public InternalResourceViewResolver viewResolver() {
        InternalResourceViewResolver resolver = new InternalResourceViewResolver();
        resolver.setPrefix("/WEB-INF/views/");
        resolver.setSuffix(".jsp");
        resolver.setViewClass(InternalResourceView.class);
        return resolver;
    }
}

控制器使用

Java

@Controller
public class UserController {

    @GetMapping("/users")
    public String list(Model model) {
        model.addAttribute("users", userService.findAll());
        return "user/list"; // 解析为 /WEB-INF/views/user/list.jsp
    }
}

多视图解析器配置

Java

@Configuration
public class WebConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {

    @Bean
    public ViewResolver contentNegotiatingViewResolver() {
        ContentNegotiatingViewResolver resolver = new ContentNegotiatingViewResolver();
        resolver.setViewResolvers(Arrays.asList(
            jsonViewResolver(),
            jspViewResolver()
        ));
        return resolver;
    }

    @Bean
    public ViewResolver jspViewResolver() {
        InternalResourceViewResolver resolver = new InternalResourceViewResolver();
        resolver.setPrefix("/WEB-INF/views/");
        resolver.setSuffix(".jsp");
        resolver.setOrder(2);
        return resolver;
    }
}

自定义视图解析器

Java

public class PdfViewResolver implements ViewResolver {

    @Override
    public View resolveViewName(String viewName, Locale locale) {
        if (viewName.startsWith("pdf:")) {
            return new PdfView(viewName.substring(4));
        }
        return null;
    }
}

视图解析器可通过 Order 接口设置优先级，数值越小优先级越高。

要点总结

ViewResolver 解析逻辑视图名为 View 对象
prefix 和 suffix 自动拼接完整路径
支持配置多个解析器按优先级顺序解析
ContentNegotiatingViewResolver 支持响应多种内容格式